Aya mabwiriza mashya yasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta ku wa 27 Kanama 2025, asimbuye ayari ahari kuva mu 2012, anazana serivisi nshya, amatsinda yihariye ndetse n’inzego nshya zigenzura imikorere ya RDF.

Ni cyo gihe cya mbere mu myaka irenga icumi RDF ihinduriwe imiterere mu buryo bunini nk’ubu, hagamijwe kuyihuza n’ibibazo bishya by’umutekano, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n’inshingano mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rufite.

Mu 2012, RDF yari igizwe n’imitwe itatu: Ingabo zirwanira ku butaka, Ingabo zo mu kirere n’Ingabo z’Inyongera (Reserve Force). Iri tegeko kandi ryatanze urutonde rw’ibikoresho byafatwaga nk’umutungo w’igisirikare w’ibanga, ahanini byibandaga ku ntwaro, amasasu, hamwe n’inyubako zimwe na zimwe. Yashyizeho urufatiro rw’ibanze rwafashije RDF nk’ingabo z’igihugu.

Nyamara ibintu byarahindutse. U Rwanda rwitabiriye ibikorwa byinshi byo kugarura amahoro mu mahanga, rugaragaza ubushobozi mu kurwanya ibyago mu karere ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga ryo mu ntambara ryateye imbere cyane. Ibyo byose byerekanye ko amategeko ya 2012 atari agikwiye.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu 2025 hashyizweho amateka mashya atatu ya Perezida:

1. Iteka n°013/01: Ryagura ibisobanuro by’umutungo w’ingabo w’ibanga.

2. Iteka n°014/01: Risobanura serivisi n’amashami ya RDF.

3. Iteka n°015/01: Rishyiraho inama zifata ibyemezo mu buryo bwemewe muri RDF.

Imwe mu mpinduka zikomeye ni uburyo u Rwanda rusigaye rusobanura “umutungo w’ingabo w’ibanga.”

Mu 2012, umutungo w’ibanga wasobanurwaga mu buryo bugufi cyane, ahanini ugarukira ku ntwaro, amasasu, n’inyubako nke. Hibandwaga cyane ku mbunda, amasasu, n’ububiko bwabyo.

Iteka rya 2025 ryagura cyane ibisobanuro. Ubu umutungo w’ingabo w’ibanga urimo:

Intwaro, sisitemu n’amasasu

Ibinyabiziga by’ingabo (tanks): imodoka zifite ibikoresho byihariye byo gutwara abasirikare, n’ibindi binini n’ibito

Indege z’ingabo: indege z’intambara, kajugujugu, na drone hamwe n’ibikoresho byazo

Ibikoresho by’itumanaho n’amakuru: radar, radiyo, ibyombo, telefoni, porogaramu za mudasobwa, n’ibindi bikoresho bya ICT bifasha mu mutekano

Inyubako z’ingabo: icyicaro gikuru, ibirindiro, ububiko, inganda z’ingabo, ndetse n’ibikoresho by'ibanze bikenerwa mu gukora ibikoresho by'ingabo

Imyambaro y’ingabo n’ibikoresho biyunganira

Ibikoresho by’ingabo byinjizwa cyangwa bisohorwa mu gihugu, hamwe n’amakuru ajyanye nabyo

Ibi bivuze ko na porogaramu za mudasobwa, radar, cyangwa ibikoresho by’inyongera byinjizwa mu gihugu ngo bikoreshwe mu gusana ibinyabiziga by'ingabo, byose ubu bifatwa nk’ibanga rya Leta.

Iri teka kandi ryashyizeho isuzuma ryihariye (audits) ku mutungo w’ingabo w’ibanga, rikorwa ku mabwiriza y’Umugaba w’Ikirenga (Perezida Kagame). Ibi bituma u Rwanda rugenzura neza uburyo ibikoresho by’ingabo bikoreshwa mu buryo bwabugenewe 

Serivisi nshya: 

Mu 2012, ryasobanuraga serivisi eshatu gusa: Ingabo zirwanira ku butaka, Ingabo zo mu, kirere n’Ingabo z’Inyongera (Reserve Force).

Iteka ryo muri 2025 ryongereyeho serivisi nshya ya kane: Serivisi y’Ubuzima mu Ngabo (Military Health Service).

Ibi ni intambwe ikomeye kuko bituma ubuzima n’ubuvuzi mu ngabo bigira imiterere yemewe, ubuyobozi n’inshingano zabyo bwite. Nubwo abaganga n’abaforomo bari basanzwe muri RDF, ubu bahabwa umwanya nk’igice cy’ingenzi mu bwirinzi bw’igihugu.

Mu 2012, Reserve Force yari igabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri gusa: Ingabo z’inyongera z’abasirikari basanzwe (Infantry Reserve) Ingabo z’inyongera z’abahanga (Specialist Reserve). Rigasobanura amategeko yerekeye uburyo bwo kubahamagara, kubaha imyitozo no kubagenera ibyo bakeneye.

Mu 2025, Reserve Force yagabanyijwemo ibyiciro bitatu:

1. Operational Reserve: abahamagarwa byihuse kugira ngo bongere imbaraga z’ingabo.

2. Reinforcement Reserve: abatanga umusada ku ngabo ziri mu mirwano igihe bibaye ngombwa.

3. Strategic Reserve: abateganyirizwa igihe kirekire cyangwa ibibazo bikomeye by’igihugu.

Ibi bituma Ingabo zo muri Reserve Force zihora ziteguye gukora igihe cyose bikenewe. Urugero, iyo u Rwanda rukeneye abasirikare byihuse mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro, Operational Reserve ihita ikora. Iyo habaye ikibazo mu karere kandi akaba ari igihe kirekire, Reinforcement Reserve na Strategic Reserve bashobora guhamagarwa.

Ibiro by’Ubwunganizi (Joint Staff Offices)

Amavugurura yo mu 2025 yagejeje RDF ku buryo bugezweho mu miyoborere.

Ubu RDF ifite Ibiro by’Ubwunganizi icyenda (9) bikurikirana muri ubu buryo:

Abakozi (Personnel)

Ubutasi (Intelligence)

Imirwano (Operations)

Ibikoresho (Logistics)

Amahugurwa (Training)

Ubufatanye hagati y’abasivili n’ingabo (Civil-Military Cooperation)

Itumanaho (Communications)

Imari (Finance)

Amategeko (Legal)

Byongeye kandi, RDF yungutse amashami yihariye (specialized departments) akora ibi:

Ingengo y’imari n’imikoreshereze yayo (Budget and Finance)

Ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro (Peace Support Operations)

Itangazamakuru ry’ingabo (Defence Public Affairs)

Amategeko (Legal Affairs)

Ibi ni ingenzi kuko bigaragaza uko ingabo za none zikora: ntabwo bigarukira gusa ku basirikare n’intwaro, ahubwo n’imari, amategeko, itumanaho, ndetse no kubungabunga amahoro byabaye igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubwirinzi bw’u Rwanda.

Amashami yihariye (Specialized Units)

Indi mpinduka ikomeye ni uguhabwa agaciro ku buryo bwemewe kw’amashami yihariye ari muri RDF.

Iteka rya 2025 risobanura neza ayo mashami:

Republican Guard

Special Operations Force

Engineer Command

Military Police Brigade

Logistics Brigade

Communication Brigade

Military Band Regiment

Buri shami rifite inshingano n’ubuyobozi bigenwe neza.

Engineer Command ishinzwe kubaka, gukuraho ibisasu, no gufasha mu bikorwa by’inyubako z’ingabo n’abasivili.

Military Police ishinzwe gukurikirana imyitwarire n’ikinyabupfura mu ngabo.

Communication Brigade ireba ko itumanaho ry’ingabo rikorwa mu mutekano kandi rinoze.

Republican Guard (RG)

Mu ngabo zidasanzwe za RDF, Republican Guard (RG) ni umutwe wihariye ufite inshingano zo kurinda umutekano w’abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu n’ibikorwaremezo by’ingenzi.

Mu mabwiriza ya 2012, Republican Guard yavugwaga nk’umutwe wihariye ariko inshingano zayo ntizari zisobanuye mu buryo burambuye. Mu mikorere, yashingwaga cyane cyane kurinda Perezida n’abandi bayobozi bakuru b’igihugu, ariko ntihagaragazwaga neza abo irinda, igihe n’amabwiriza bigenderwaho.

Iteka rya Perezida rya 2025 ryashyizeho ibisobanuro bishya, rinoza neza inshingano za Republican Guard kandi riyishyira mu miterere yemewe mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda.

Abo Republican Guard irinda n’igihe bimara:

Perezida wa Repubulika; arindwa igihe cyose mu gihe ari ku butegetsi, hamwe n’umuryango we wa hafi.

Perezida watorewe kuyobora; arindwa kuva atorwa kugeza arahiye, we n’umuryango we wa hafi.

Perezida wahoze ku butegetsi; arindwa nyuma yo kuva ku butegetsi, hamwe n’umuryango we wa hafi. (Ntihashyizweho igihe ntarengwa nk’uko bimeze ku bandi bayobozi ahari ubwo ni ubuzima bwe bwose).

Minisitiri w’Intebe; arindwa mu gihe ari mu nshingano no mu mezi atandatu (6) akurikiyeho nyuma yo kuzivamo.

Perezida wa Sena; arindwa mu gihe ari mu nshingano no mu mezi atandatu (6) akurikiyeho atakiri mu nshingano.

Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite; arindwa mu gihe ari mu nshingano no mu mezi atandatu (6) akurikiyeho atakiri mu nshingano.

Umucamanza Mukuru (Chief Justice); arindwa mu gihe ari mu nshingano no mu mezi atandatu (6) akurikiyeho atakiri mu nshingano.

Abakuru b’ibihugu cyangwa ba Minisitiri b’Intebe b’amahanga basura u Rwanda; barindwa mu gihe cyose bamara mu ruzinduko rwabo rwemewe mu gihugu.

Abandi bayobozi cyangwa abantu bashyizweho n'Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo (Chief of Defence Staff: CDS); barindwa mu gihe n’amabwiriza yagenwe na CDS.

Uretse kurinda abantu, Republican Guard inafite inshingano zo kurinda ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi cyangwa izindi nyubako zashyizweho n'Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo (CDS). Ibi biyemerera no kuba yajya kurinda ahantu hihariye mu gihe cy’ibirori bikomeye by’igihugu, ibihe by’ibyago cyangwa ibihe u Rwanda rwakira inama zikomeye z’akarere n’iz’isi.

Impinduka Z’ingenzi

Kurinda abayobozi bamaze kuva mu mirimo byagabanyijwe: Mu 2012, abayobozi bakuru nka Minisitiri w’Intebe, Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Perezida wa Sena, n’Umucamanza Mukuru barindwaga umwaka umwe nyuma yo kuva mu nshingano. Iteka rya 2025 ryabashyize ku mezi atandatu gusa.

Perezida wahozeho: Amategeko ntiyahindutse. Nk’uko byari mu 2012, Perezida uvuye ku butegetsi akomeza kurindwa n’igihugu nta gihe ntarengwa cyashyizweho, kandi ibi bigera no ku muryango we wa hafi.

Perezida watorewe kuyobora: Iteka rya 2025 ryamushyize ku rutonde ku mugaragaro, kugira ngo habeho umutekano uhoraho kuva ku munsi w’amatora kugeza arahiye.

Kwagura inshingano: Republican Guard yahawe inshingano zemewe zo kurinda atari abantu gusa, ahubwo n’inzego z’ibanze z’igihugu n’ibikorwaremezo by’ingenzi. Ibi bituma iba igikoresho gikomeye mu kubungabunga ituze rya politiki no kurinda umutekano w’igihugu.

Inama mfatabyemezo

Ikindi gishya kigaragara mu mavugurura yo muri 2025 ni ugushyiraho inama zifatirwamo ibyemezo mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda (RDF).

Izi nama zigabanyije mu nzego zirimo:

Ingamba: igenamigambi rihanitse ku bijyanye n’ubwirinzi bw’igihugu.

Operasiyo: igenamigambi no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa bya gisirikare.

Ikinyabupfura: gukemura amakosa no guhana ibyaha by’imbere mu ngabo.

Imibereho myiza: kureba uko abasirikare n’imiryango yabo babaho neza.

Ibi ni bishya kuko mu mategeko ya 2012 nta hantu byari bisobanuwe. Gushyiraho izi nama bisobanura ko u Rwanda rushyiraho umuco w’ubuyobozi busangiwe mu ngabo, bigabanya kwishingikiriza ku muntu umwe, kandi bigateza imbere uburyo bwo kubazwa inshingano 

SOURCE: UMUSANZU MEDIA