Ukurikije urutonde rwa 2026 rw’ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru rwasohowe na Reporters Without Borders (RSF), ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru ku Isi bwageze ku rwego rwo hasi cyane mu myaka 25 ishize.

Uyu munsi washyizweho hagamijwe kwibutsa za Guverinoma inshingano zo kubahiriza ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru no kurengera abanyamakuru bakunze guhura n’iterabwoba, gufungwa cyangwa gukandamizwa bazira akazi kabo. Mu 2026, uyu munsi wizihijwe hagamijwe “Kubaka ahazaza harangwa n’amahoro binyuze mu guteza imbere ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru ku bw’uburenganzira bwa muntu, iterambere n’umutekano.”

Nubwo insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka yari ikomeye kandi yuzuyemo icyizere, raporo zitandukanye zigaragaza ko ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru ku isi buri mu bihe bikomeye cyane.

Raporo ebyiri zikomeye zirimo iya Reporters Without Borders (RSF) yiswe World Press Freedom Index 2026 ndetse n’iya Freedom House yiswe Freedom in the World 2026: The Growing Shadow of Autocracy, zose zigaragaza ko itangazamakuru riri kugenda rishyirwa mu kaga no kugabwaho ibitero hirya no hino ku isi.

Izi raporo zerekana ko uko ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwiyongera, ari nako abanyamakuru bakomeza gukandamizwa. Zivuga kandi ko ibinyoma n’amakuru agamije kuyobya abantu bikomeje gukwirakwizwa n’inzego zitandukanye, cyane cyane aho itangazamakuru ryigenga riba ridafite ijambo.

RSF ivuga ko ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru bwageze ku rwego rwo hasi cyane mu myaka 25 ishize. Ubu, ibihugu birenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’isi biri mu byiciro byiswe “bikomeye” cyangwa “bibi cyane” mu bijyanye no kubahiriza ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru.

Raporo igaragaza ko amategeko ari yo akomeje kuba intwaro ikoreshwa cyane mu gucecekesha itangazamakuru, aho ibihugu byinshi byashyizeho amategeko abuza abanyamakuru gukora neza cyangwa agakoreshwa mu kubafunga no kubatera ubwoba.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zavuye ku mwanya zari ziriho zihananukaho imyanya irindwi zigera ku wa 64. Ecuador yo yagize igihombo gikomeye cyane, kuko yamanutseho imyanya 31 kubera urugomo n’igitutu bifitanye isano n’imitwe y’abagizi ba nabi.

Ibihugu byo mu Majyaruguru y’u Burayi bikomeje kuba urugero rwiza mu kubahiriza ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, kuko Norway yongeye kuza ku mwanya wa mbere ku nshuro ya 10 yikurikiranya, ikurikirwa na Denmark na Sweden.

Muri Afurika, raporo igaragaza ko hari ibihugu byateye imbere mu kurengera itangazamakuru, ariko kandi hakaba n’ahakomeje igitugu gikomeye. Afurika y’Epfo iri ku mwanya wa 21 ku isi naho Namibia ikaza ku wa 23, bikaba bifatwa nk’ibihugu byatanze urugero rwiza mu kurengera abanyamakuru.

Mu muryango wa SADC, hagaragara itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’ibihugu, ni mu gihe Afurika y’Epfo na Namibia bihagaze neza, ariko Zimbabwe na Mozambique byo bikomeje gushinjwa gukoresha amategeko nabi no gutoteza abanyamakuru bakora inkuru zicukumbuye.

Mu muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC), ibintu bikomeje kuba bibi cyane ku banyamakuru. Tanzania ni yo ihagaze neza muri aka karere nubwo yahananutse ku rutonde rw’isi ikagera ku mwanya wa 117. Kenya na yo iri kuri uwo mwanya ariko ikomeje gusubira inyuma kubera urugomo rwabaye mu myigaragambyo iherutse ndetse n’ibirego bishyirwa ku banyamakuru.

Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo iri ku mwanya wa 130, aho ibikorwa by’intambara bikomeje gushyira abanyamakuru mu buzima bubi. U Burundi buri ku mwanya wa 131, bukaba bugikomeje gushinjwa gukandamiza abanyamakuru bigenga. Uganda iri mu cyiciro cy’ibihugu bifite ibibazo bikomeye cyane kubera igenzura rikabije n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abanyamakuru.

Raporo ikomeza ivuga ko u Rwanda rukiri mu bihugu bifite umwanya mubi cyane ku rutonde rw’ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, aho ruri ku mwanya wa 146 ku isi, bivugwa ko itangazamakuru ryigenga rifite ijambo rito cyane.

Sudani y’Epfo na Somalia zikomeje gushyirwa mu bihugu biteye inkeke cyane ku banyamakuru, aho gukora inkuru bishobora gushyira ubuzima bwabo ahantu habi.

UNESCO yatangaje ko nibura abanyamakuru 68 bishwe mu 2024, aho abarenga 60% bishwe bari mu bice by’intambara. Mu 2025, imibare y’ibanze yagaragaje ko abarenga 161 bakora mu itangazamakuru bishwe ku isi yose.

Ikibazo gikomeye kurushaho ni uko benshi mu bakoze ibyo byaha badahanwa. Raporo ivuga ko 85% by’ubwicanyi bukorerwa abanyamakuru butigeze bubonerwa ubutabera, ibintu bituma abakomeje gutoteza abanyamakuru barushaho kugira ubushake bwo kubikora.

RSF ivuga ko ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru bupimwa hashingiwe ku bintu bitanu birimo uko ubutegetsi bwubahiriza itangazamakuru, amategeko arigenga, ubukungu bw’ibitangazamakuru, umuco n’imibanire y’abaturage ndetse n’umutekano w’abanyamakuru.

Raporo isaba ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba na SADC gushyira imbaraga mu kurengera abanyamakuru, gukuraho amategeko abuza itangazamakuru gukora neza no gushyiraho inzego zigenga zikurikirana ibyaha bikorerwa abanyamakuru.

Inasaba kandi kurinda abanyamakuru ibirego n’imanza zishingiye ku kubacecekesha cyangwa kubahombya binyuze mu manza z’urudaca.

Raporo ya 2026 isoza ivuga ko niba nta gikozwe byihuse, icyerekezo cyatangijwe n’itangazo rya Windhoek cyo kugira itangazamakuru ryigenga kandi rifunguye gishobora kuzima burundu.

Igaragaza ko kurengera uburenganzira bwo gutanga no kubona amakuru ari inkingi ya demokarasi n’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Iyo itangazamakuru ridafite umudendezo, amahoro, umutekano n’iterambere birushaho kujya habi.

Kwamamaza itangazamakuru nk’icyaha no kurikandamiza, raporo ivuga ko ari icyo rezo gikomeje guhungabanya isi yose, bityo hakenewe ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu kurengera abanyamakuru no guca umuco wo kudahana abakora ibyaha bibakorerwa.

Yanditswe na Nkurunziza Bonaventure