Mu bihugu 142 byatoye bishyigikira ubwigenge bwa Palestine n’U Rwanda rurimo
U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu byatoye bishyigikiye ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umwanzuro w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ugena ko Abanya-Israel n’Abanye-Palestine bagabanywa ubutaka bubahoza mu makimbirane, buri gihugu kikagira ubwigenge.
Kuri uyu wa Gatanu tariki 12 Nzeri 2025 nibwo ibihugu biri mu Muryango w’Abibumbye byatoye bishyigikira amahame yiswe aya New York (New York Declaration).
Aya mahame agizwe n’amapaji arindwi yateguwe bigizwemo uruhare n’u Bufaransa na Arabie Saudite. Yemejwe muri Nyakanga 2025 mu Nama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Agena ibijyanye n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umwanzuro wa Loni wo kugabanya Abanya-Israel n’Abanye-Palestine igihugu.
Igitekerezo cyo kugabanya Abanya-Israel n’Abanya-Palestine igihugu ntabwo ari gishya, kuko cyemejwe bwa mbere muri Loni mu 1947, gusa ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryacyo ryagiye rizamo ibibazo, ari na yo mpamvu ryongeye kuganirwaho.
Aya mahame ya New York agaragaza ko gahunda yo kugabanya Abanya-Israel n’Abanya-Palestine igihugu igomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihe cy’amezi 15 agabanyije mu byiciro bitandukanye.
Agena ko hakwiriye kubaho igihugu cyitwa Palestine gifite ubusugire, cyigenga, giteye imbere mu bukungu kandi kigendera kuri demokarasi, ariko ntikigire igisirikare.
Agena kandi ko Hamas ikwiriye kurambika hasi intwaro, ubuyobozi bwa Gaza ikabushyira mu biganza bya Leta ya Palestine, ndetse ibihugu by’amahanga bikemera Palestine nk’ihugu.
Kuri uyu wa Gatanu u Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu byatoye bishyigikiye ibijyanye n’aya mahame. Ashyigikiwe kandi n’ibihugu nk’u Bufaransa, u Bwongereza, u Bubiligi, Qatar n’ibindi.
Muri rusange ibihugu byatoye biyashyigikiye ni 142. Ibitayashyigikiye ni 10 birimo Israel, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Tonga na Hongrie.
Ibihugu byifashe ni 12 birimo Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Guatemala, Ethiopia, Fiji, Sudani y’Epfo, Samoa n’ibindi.
U Rwanda rwatoye uyu mwanzuro nyuma y’umunsi umwe rusohoye itangazo ryamagana ibikorwa bya Israel, cyane cyane ibitero iherutse kugaba kuri Qatar igamije kwikiza abayobozi b’umutwe wa Hamas.
Inkomoko y’amakimbirane ya Israel na Palestine:
Ikibazo cya Israel na Palestine gifatwa nka kimwe mu bimaze imyaka myinshi ku Isi ndetse kikaba n’intandaro y’intambara zagiye ziyogoza Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati mu bihe bitandukanye.
Benshi iyo baganira kuri iki kibazo hari ingingo ikunze kwibazwaho, hagati y’Abayahudi n’Abayisilamu. Ni bande babanje gutura ku butaka uyu munsi bufatwa nka Israel na Palestine?
Abagerageza gusubiza iki kibazo bashobora kubona ibisubizo bitandukanye, bitewe n’aho bahereye amateka. Ariko reka tugerageze kujya kure hashoboka.
Amateka agaragaza ko Abayahudi babaye muri aka gace ko mu Burasirazuba bwa hagati mu myaka irenga 3000 ishize.
Ubwami bwa Isiraheli n’ubw’Aba-Yuda buvugwa muri Bibiliya bwabarizwaga ku butaka uyu munsi buzwi nka Israel na Palestine. Abayahudi ni bo bari bagize itsinda rya mbere ry’abantu bemeye gukurikira inyigisho za Yezu nyuma y’urupfu rwe n’izuka. Aba ni na bo babaye inkomoko y’Ubukirisitu. Iki gitekerezo mu nyandiko ni cyo cyitwa Urusengero rwa mbere rwa Yeruzalemu.
Ahagana muri 70 nyuma y’Ivuka rya Yezu Abanyaroma bateye Yeruzalemu, mu ntambara izwi nk’iya mbere y’Abayahudi n’Abanyaroma (yatangiye mu 66-73).
Mu mwaka wa 70 ni bwo Abanyaroma babashije kwigarurira neza Yeruzalemu, bica Abayahudi abandi barafungwa ndetse bamwe bagurishwa nk’abacakara. Abarokotse bahungiye hirya no hino mu Bwami bw’Abanyaroma (u Burayi bw’uyu munsi) no mu majyaruguru ya Afurika.
Ku rundi ruhande Abarabu tubona uyu munsi mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati ntabwo bari bahatuye. Benshi babaga mu kigobe cy’Abarabu (Arabian Peninsula) giherereye mu Majyepfo ashyira Uburengerazuba bwa Aziya, agace kagizwe ahanini n’ubutayu. Amoko y’Abarabu yabayeho mbere ni Aba- Bedouins.
Benshi mu Barabu bo muri ibyo bihe basengaga Imana nyinshi (Polytheism) ariko nyuma y’ivuka rya Islam bayiyoboka ku bwinshi.
Muri 632 nyuma y’urupfu rw’Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad [Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha], Abarabu bari barayobotse Islam ku bwinshi batangiye intambara zo kwagura ubutaka bwabo n’imbibi z’idini ryabo.
Nyuma yo kwigarurira iki kigobe cy’Abarabu mu buryo bwuzuye, bakurikijeho igice cya Byzantine Levant (Syria, Liban, Jordan na Palestine by’uyu Munsi).
Muri 637 aba Barabu bigaruriye Yeruzalemu yari isigayemo Abayahudi bake, abandi barahungiye hirya no hino.
Muri 636 bari babanje kwigarurira Iraq y’uyu munsi.
Mu majyaruguru ya Afurika Abarabu bayobowe na Amr ibn al-As bigaruriye Misiri, Islam igenda yagukira no mu bindi bice byo mu majyaruguru y’umugabane.
Nyuma yaho Abarabu bigaruriye Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati, iki gice cyatangiye kuvukamo Ubwami butandukanye burimo ubwa Abbasid ndetse n’ubwa Ottoman.
Abarabu bakomeje kororoka umubare wabo urenga kure uw’Abayahudi muri aka gace, cyane ko benshi bari barahunze nyuma yo guterwa n’Abaroma.
Mu 1900 ubu butaka twita Israel na Palestine bwari igice cy’ubwami bwa Ottoman cyangwa se Ottoman Empire. Cyari gituwe n’abaturage b’abakirisitu, abayisilamu ndetse n’umubare muto w’Abayahudi babanaga mu mahoro.
Abatuye aka gace batangiye kuba ba nyamwigendaho, bamwe bumva ko bidahagije gusa ko baba abaturage b’iki gihugu bo mu bwoko bw’Abarabu, ko ahubwo ari Abanye-Palestine.
Ibi byabaye mu gihe mu Bayahudi naho hatangiye kuvuka inkundura ya ‘Zionism’ yo kuvuga ko u Buyahudi bidakwiriye kuba izina gusa, ahubwo bikwiriye no kujyana no kugira igihugu bisangamo, cyane ko Abayahudi bari bamaze igihe batotezwa hirya no hino aho babaga I Burayi.
Mu myaka ya mbere 10 y’ikinyejana cya 20 Abayahudi babarirwa mu binyacumi by’ibihumbi bari baramaze kwimukira kuri ubu butaka bwari bugize Ottoman Empire, bavuye mu Burayi.
Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi yabaye kuva mu 1914 kugeza mu 1918 yasize Ubwami bwa Ottoman butsinzwe ndetse mu 1922 buraseswa mu buryo budasubirwaho.
U Bufaransa n’u Bwongereza byemeranyije kwigabanya ibi bice byo mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati.
U Bwongereza ni bwo bwatwaye igice uyu munsi kibarizwaho Israel na Palestine bucyita ‘British Palestine”. Mu minsi ya mbere iki gihugu cyakomeje kwemerera Abayahudi ko baza gutura muri iki gice bavuye hirya no hino mu Burayi, ariko uko umubare wabo wakomezaga kuzamuka barushagaho gushyamirana na bagenzi babo b’Abarabu.
Umubare w’Abayahudi bava mu Burayi bajya gutura muri iki gice warushijeho kuzamuka nyuma ya Jenoside yabakorewe izwi nka ‘Holocaust’ ndetse Isi yose itangira kubashyigikira kuko yabonaga ari bwo buryo bwonyine bazabasha kubaho bafite amahoro.
Hagati aho mu gihe Abayahudi bari bakomeje gusaba ko bahabwa igihugu cyabo, u Bwongereza bwayoboraga Palestine bwagize impungenge ko bazashyamirana n’Abarabu.
Mu 1947, Umuryango w’Abibumbye wafashe umwanzuro wo kubagabanya iki gihugu, Abayahudi bagafata igice cyabo n’Abarabu bagafata igice cyabo. Umujyi wa Yeruzalemu, ubu bwoko bwombi bufata nk’ahantu hatagatifu, wagumye mu cyeragati ugirwa agace gahuriweho n’amahanga.
Abayahudi bemeye iyi gahunda ndetse mu 1948 batangaza ubwigenge bw’Igihugu cyabo cya ‘Israel’.
Ku rundi ruhande Abarabu batuye muri aka gace babonye iyi gahunda y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye nk’uburyo bw’amayeri y’Abanya-Burayi bashaka kubibira ubutaka. Iyi ni yo yabaye intandaro y’intambara y’ibihugu by’Abarabu byihurije hamwe byiyemeza guhangana na Israel mu ntambara yabaye mu 1948.
Iyi ntambara yari igamije gushyiraho igihugu kimwe cya Palestine nk’uko byahoze mu gihe cy’ubukoloni bw’Abongereza. Byaje kurangira Israel itsinze iyi ntambara ndetse ihita gifata umwanzuro wo kurenga imipaka yari yarashyizweho n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, ifata igice kinini cya Yeruzalemu ndetse n’ubundi butaka bwagombaga kuba ubwa Palestine.
Iyi ntambara yarangiye Israel igenzura ubutaka bwose uretse Gaza yagenzurwaga na Misiri na West Bank yagenzurwaga na Jordan.
Mu 1967 Israel yongeye kwisanga mu ntambara y’iminsi itandatu n’ibi bihugu by’Abarabu, na none irangira Israel itsinze ndetse yigararuriye West Bank na Gaza. Bivuze ko iki gihe Israel yari ifite ubutaka bwose bwahoze buzwi nka ‘Palestine’ harimo na Yeruzalemu.
