Haseguriwe ku bivugwa mu  ngingo ya 3 y’iri tegeko, ivuga ko ubutaka buri mu murage rusange
w’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda bose, abakurambere, abariho ubu ndetse n’abazavuka mu gihe kiri imbere. Leta ikaba ariyo yonyine ifite ububasha bw’ikirenga mu gucunga no gutanga uburenganzira bwo gutunga no gukoresha ubutaka bwose buherereye mu mbibi z’Igihugu, ikabukoresha ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange igamije iterambere nyaryo mu by’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza.

Abanyarwanda bose bafite uburenganzira bungana ku butaka, ndetse Ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose ku byerekeranye no kubona ubutaka no kugira uburenganzira bwo kubutunga rirabujijwe. Ariko abashyingiranywe bo bagira uburenganzira ku butaka hashingiwe ku buryo bw’imicungire y’umutungo bahisemo.

Imitungire y’ubutaka

Mu Rwanda hari uburyo bubiri ubutaka butungwamo, aribwo bwa Leta ndetse n’ubutaka bw’umuntu ku giti cye.

Umuntu ku giti cye ashobora gutunga ubutaka butarenze hegitari 2 cyeretse byemejwe ukundi n’iteka rya minisitiri. Akaba ashobora kubukomoye ku irage, izungura, igura, impano, ingurane, ku isaranganya cyangwa yahawe n’ubuyobozi bubifitiye ububasha mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Ariko ubwo butaka bugatungwa mu buryo bw’ubukode burambye mu gihe kitarenze imyaka 99 ariko ishobora kongerwa atagombye kubisaba, cyangwa inkondabutaka (ubukode bw’igihe gito).

Abantu kandi bashobora kugira uburenganzira ku ihererekanya ry’ubutaka ryakozwe mu buryo bw’izungura, impano, irage, ikodesha,igurisha, iyatisha, ingurane, ingwate, no gutizwa n’ubuindi buryo bukurikije inzira zemewe n’amategeko. Iryo hererekanya rikaba ryaremejwe n’abanditse ku nyandiko mpamo z’ubwo butaka, rikagira agaciro iyo rimaze kwandikwa mu gitabo cy’ubutaka.

Umuntu ashobora kwegukana ubutaka bukomoka ku buzime iyo amaze imyaka 30 abutunze ku mugaragaro, ku buryo budahungabanyije kandi akaba yari amaze icyo gihe abutunze nkaho ariwe nyirabwo bidakozwe mu buriganya, iyo myaka ikaba ibarwa uhereye igihe yabuboneyeho. Icyo gihe umubitsi w’impapuro z’ubutaka w’aho buherereye ni we wemeza ubwo buzime amaze gusuzuma raporo yahawe na komite y’ubutaka. Icyakora umuntu wa hawe umutaka biunyuze muburyo bwakozwe hagamijwe gutuza abantu kubera impamvu za politiki n’imiyoborere mibi yaranze uRwanda kuva muri 1959-1994 ntafatwa nkuwariganyije

Imikoreshereze y’ubutaka

Umuntu afite uburenganzira busesuye ku butaka butangwa na Leta kandi ikarinda nyirabwo kubwamburwa, gusa ubu burenzanzira abutakakaza mu gihe cyo kwimura abantu ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange hakurikijwe amategeko ariko nyirabwo agahabwa ingurane.

Ibikorwa nk’inyubako, ibihingwa n’ibindi bikorwa biri kuri ubwo butaka bifatwa nk’ibyanyiri ubutaka ariko ibyo ntibibujije ko umuntu ashobora gutunga ibyo bikorwa ku ubutaka bw’undi muntu mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Mu gihe ibyo bikorwa byakorewe ku butaka bw’undi ku buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, nyir’ubutaka afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba uwabishyizeho kubikuraho akaba yanasaba indishyi.

N’ubwo umuntu afite uburenganzira busesuye ku butaka bwe, uburenganzira ku mutungo kamere waba uri ku butaka, munsi yabwo, no hejuru yabwo bihariwe Leta gusa.

Ubutaka bwa leta buri mu byiciro 2 aribyo ubutaka buri mu mutungo rusange wa Leta, n’uburi mu mutungo bwite wa Leta.

Ubutaka buri mu mutungo bwite wa Leta ntibushobora gurerekanywa, ariko uburi mu mutungo rusange wa Leta bwo buraherekanywa. Umuntu abujijwe kurengera cyangwa kwiha uburenganzira ubwo aribwo bwose bwose ku butaka bwa Leta. Gusa ikigo cya Leta cyangwa inzego z’ibanze bifite ubwo burenganzira kugirango bigere ku nshingano zabyo, ariko ikigo gifite imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu nshingano. gikora igenzura ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka bwa leta kigatanga raporo kuri minisitiri ufite ubutaka mu nshingano bitarenze kuwa 30 Nzeri ya buri mwaka.

Leta ishobora kandi gutiza cyangwa gukodesha ubutaka bwayo binyuze mu ipiganwa cyeretse byemejwe ukundi n’inama y’abaminisitiri kumpamvu zo kuzamura imibereho myiza y’abaturage cyangwa ishoramari rirambye mu gihe kitarenze imyaka 49 gishobora kongerwa ku bwumvikane hagati ya Leta n’uwatijwe hashingiwe ku miterere y’umushinga n’imikoreshereze y’ubwo butaka n’uburyo bwabyajwe umusaruro.

Uwo mushoramari watijwe cyangwa wakodesheje ubutaka ntaburenganzira afite bwo kubugurisha, kubuhererekanya cyangwa kubutangaho ingwate no guhindura ibikorwa by’ishoramari yatirijwe ubwo butaka. Gusa ashobora kugurisha, guhererekanya cyangwa gutanga ingwate kubikorwa biri kuri ubwo butaka.

Inshingano ku butaka

Umuntu na Leta bafite inshingano yo kwandikisha ubutaka batunze, kandi icyemezo cy’iyandikishwa ry’ubwo butaka gikoreshwa nk’ikimenyetso ntashidikanywaho cy’uburenganzira kuri ubwo butaka igihe cyose ubufite yabubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kigata agaciro iyo bigaragaye ko kidashingiye ku kuri.

Abafite uburenganzira k’ubutaka bafite n’inshingano zo kuburinda, kububungabunga, no kubukorewsha icyo bwagenewe, bitaba ibyo akaba yabwamburwa bugahabwa ubasha kubukoresha neza icyo bwagenewe. Kandi nyiri ubutaka afite inshingano yo gutanga inzira (servitude)

Ufite uburenganzira ku butaka ntagomba kubangamira imirimo ikorerwa munsi cyangwa mu kirere kiri hejuru y’ubutaka bwe iyo iyo mirimo igamije inyungu rusange, gusa iyo iyo mirimirimo itera igihombo nyir’ubutaka ashobora gusaba ingurane ikwiye. Nyiri ubutaka kandi afite inshingano zo kwishyura imisoro n’amahoro kuri ubwo butaka.

Ibyaha n’ibihano bikomoka ku mitungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka

Gukoresha inyandiko y’ubutaka ku mpamvu zinyuranyije n’amategeko gihanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka  itari munsi ya5 ariko kitarenze 7, n’ihazabu y’amafaranga  kuva kuri 2,000,000 frw kugeza kuri 4,000,000 frw. Cyangwa kimwe muri byo

Gutanga amakuru atariyo kubyerekeye ubutaka ugamije kwihesha cyangwa guhesha abandi uburenganzira ku butaka. Gihanishwa ukwezi 1-3 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 200,000frw-500,000frw. Cyngwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano.

Kubangamira imirimo ikorerwa munsi mu kirere cy’ubutaka mu gihe iyo mirimo igamije inyungu rusange. Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cy’ukwezi 1-3 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 100,000frw- 300,000frw. Cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano.

Kwiha uburenganzira ku butaka bwa Leta. Icyaha gihanishwa igiofungo kitari munsi y’amezi 3-6 n’ihazabu y.amafaranga yikubye inshuro kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 5 z’agaciro k’ubutaka yihaye. Cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano.